Heat-accumulator.



. H. NIEWERTH. -HEAT ACCUMULATOR.

APPLlcATloNHLED ocT. 2|. 1913.

1478,66?. Patented Apr. 11, 1916;

HERMANN NIEWEBTH, OF BERLIN', GERMANY.

HEAT-ACCUMULATOR.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, HERMANN NIEWERTH, acitizen of the German Empire, residing in Berlin, in said German Empire,have invented a new and useful Improvement inq Heat-Accumulators, ofwhich the following is a description.

My invention relates particularly to that form of accumulatorin whichthe vheat is stored up by means of minute particles, such as sand.

The present invention comprises a system which has a large thermalcapacity, and also readily gives up its heat. The action of theaccumulator can also be made continuous or alternating.

The apparatus shown in the drawings is a continuous apparatus.However,it may be made alternating by separating the lower half.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of the apparatus, Fig. 2 isa vertical longitudinal section of is a verticaltransverse section of afragment of the apparatus showing a dierent arrangement of pipesconnecting the ovens. Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse section of afragment of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a verticaltransverse section of a fragment of the apparatus showing the sand pipesin stillanother relation. Fig. 6 is a horizontal section of the floor ofan oven.

The apparatus comprises two superposed series of ovens, each serieshaving a plurality of ovens arranged vertically. In the drawings twentytwo ovensare shown, eleven in each series. The upper series serves toabsorb heat from the gaseous products of combustion and the lower seriesserves to heat the cold air admitted. The number of ovens is immaterial,and they may be divided in any proportion.

There is a chamber Q, beneath the lowest oven, and a chamber O above theuppermost oven, which serve to hold the sand. 'Between the eleventh andtwelfth oven is a similar chamber P, which serves to hold a larger` partof the sand, and separates the upper part of the battery from the lowerpart, the sand operating as a closure, as well as a heat transferringmedium. The sand also serves as an automatic valve in the con-Specication of Letters Eatent.

a fragment thereof, Fig. 3`

ber Q,

Patented Apr. 11, 1916.

Appli-cation led October 21, 1918. Serial No. 796,418.

ltaining ovens. This is a very important feature of the system. y

In the chamber beneath the lowermost ovenis a conveyer, such as anArchimedean screw W, which carries the sand to an elevator of anysuitable type such as an Archiniedean screw in pipe F that raises it toa sifting and cleanslng means V of any suitable type, which ispreferably above the accumulator. This sifting and cleansing means whichis fed by means of pipe S and hopper E frees the sand from dust andcoarse impurities, so that the sand is carried to the uppermost chamberO, while the dust and impurities are removed. The location of thissifting and cleansing means, as well as the character of the elevatingmeans, may be varied.

The vertically arranged voven-bottoms vare perforated in a regularmanner yfor pipes L, which project to a given distance from the bottomof the oven underneath. The distance of the ends of these pipes from thebottom of the oven underneath depends on 'the following considerations:If sand is of the sand stops. The length of the pipes and the distancebetween the bottoms of the ovens is so calculated, so that too much sanddoes not cover these oven-bottoms, and there is enough room to permitthe passage of the gasesv Aover the sand, so as to permit an effectivecontact of the gases with the sand.

The workings lof the system are as follows: When theaccumulator isempty, the sand falls from above through the entire ap paratus. First ofall, the lowermost chamthe one containing the Archimedean screw has beenreached the iow of sand to the low,-

W, will be filled. When this point ermost chamber Q, will cease; and thelowest oven will be filled in the manner previously described. This goeson until the entire apparatus is filled with sand. Then the movement ofsand ceases. When the Archi- `medean screw W and the elevator areoperated, a renewed movement of the sand will result, proportionate tothe rate of movement of.' the screw. The screw W and the elevator thusregulate the rapidity of the action of the apparatus.

The hot gases are led in through C. These hot gases are eitherby-products or the d1- rect results of combustion. These gases flowthrough the upper eleven ovens, by means of the lateral. openings Mshown, until. they emerge through the pipe D. The sand 1n theaccumulator rapidly abstracts the heat of the gases, so that the gasesleaving D are cooled. These heated gases must sweep through the uppereleven chambers, as the draft is so arranged, and besides, the chamber Pbetween the upper and lower parts of the battery, which containsa largeamount of sand, acts as a closure or valve, and does not permitanydescent of the heated gases.

Now the air to be warmed is allowed to enter, by means of A, into thebattery of the lower eleven ovens, )asses through them, as aboveexplained, an emerges in a heated condition through B. The upper battery1s traversed by hot gases, whereby the sand therein is heated. The lowerbattery of ovens, which are traversed by the air to be warmed, would,however, not be changed without further action.- If, however,.theArchimedean screw W andthe elevator are operated, all the sand in theapparatus is set into'motion, the very warm sand of the upper battery ofovens enters the lower battery, whereby the air traversing the lowerbattery is heated at the expense of the heat of the sand, which hasentered from the upper'battery. This sand is thereby cooled and is coldwhen it enters the chamber connected to the Archimedean screw.

If the screw and elevator are properly regulated, as well as the passageof the hot and the cool gases, then there is cold sand and cold air nearA, for the temperature of the sand rises and is highest at B, as well asthe temperature of the air. The sand at A, however, has given its heatto the blast of air. The reverse condition prevails at C. The sandadjacent thereto in the uppermost part is the warmest, and is coldest atD, where the heated gases emerge, so that the heat of the gases is usedeffectively. The outwardlyy emerging cooled sand is raised by theelevator, and used again. Cold air enters at A and leaves the apparatusat B highly heated, while heated gases enter at C andleave the apparatusat D in a cooled condition. This is the ideal cycle for continuousoperation.

As the pipes through which the sand streams are preferably arranged oneabove the. other, the sand which has been uppermost in one oven will belowermost in the tive communication of this heat to the air.

oven beneath. This permits a long use of the sand and the rapid andeffective abstraction of the heat of the heated gases, and, on the otherhand, a rapid and effec- Through the streaming and agitation of the sandthe creation of a crust is prevented. Impurities which enter the sand inspite of this, are removed by the sieve and cleansing means.

In Fig. 3 the pipes L through which the sand falls from one oven toanother are bent below the horizontal partitions, in some of the ovenstheir bent ends projecting toward each other and in other ovens awayfrom each other whereby the sand is differently distributed in therespective ovens.

VIn Fig. 5 the sand pipes L2 connecting the ovens are vertical butdisposed in staggered relation.

Other materials may be used instead of sand, as for instance, pulverizedfire brick, or pebbly or basic substances, etc.

If continuous operation is not desired, the lower' part of the apparatusis removed, and a correspondingly greater number of pieces of apparatusare set up, so that their action can be reversed.

In accumulators to be operated at stated periods, the streaming of thesand may be checked or controlled by mechanical means.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. In a heat accumulator, a series of super posed and communicatingreceptacles, means l0@ for passing minute i refractory particles throughsaid receptacles, means for heating said particles while they passthrough said receptacles, 'and means for cleansing said particles of.dust and impurities, during the 105 movement thereof. l

2. In a heat accumulator, a series of superposed and communicatingreceptacles, means for passing minute refractory ,particles through saidreceptacles, a second series of 11@ superposed communicating receptaclesunderneath said firstseries, a large chamber intermediate said first andsecond series and communicating with both of said series, means forpassing minute refractory parti- 115 cles through said first series intosaid intermediate chamber, and from said intermediate chamber into saidsecond series, and means for passing gases into and out of each saidseries of chambers separately.

3. In a heat accumulator, a series of superposed and communicatingreceptacles, means for passing minute refractory particles through saidreceptacles, a second series of superposed communicating receptacles un-1255 derneath said first series, a large chamber intermediate said firstand second series and communicating with both of said series, means forpassing minute refractory particles through said first series into saidinterl5@ length of said pipes intermediate said re ceptacles being lessthan the distance intcrmediate said receptacles.

l AIn testimony that I claim the foregoing as myvinvention, I havesigned my name in presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

HERMANN NIEWERTH.

Witnesses I WOLDEMAR HAUPT, HENRY I-IASPER.

